What is the Helm?

The helm is one of the most emblematic components of medieval armor, designed to provide vital protection to the warrior's head and face in battles and tournaments. The history of the helm is rich and varied, reflecting the evolution of combat technology and the art of metallurgy over the centuries.

History and Evolution of the Helm

From its beginnings, the helm has been fundamental in the evolution of armor. The earliest helms, which appeared thousands of years ago, offered basic protection. However, as more advanced manufacturing techniques developed, helms began to include decorative details and specific features to improve defense and comfort.

Helm Design

The design of the helm varied greatly over time:

• Initial Style: The earliest helms were simple; often flat and unornamented.
• Advanced Features: Over time, blacksmiths began incorporating elements like crests to deflect impacts and movable visors to enhance visibility.

Types of Helms

There are several types of helms, each suitable for specific contexts and fighting styles:

• Great Helm: Completely covers the head and face, with slots for vision. It was commonly used in the early Middle Ages.
• Basinet Helm: Provides comprehensive protection, with movable visors that improve visibility. Popularized in the 14th and 15th centuries.
• Nasal Helm: Known for its lightweight design, but offers less protection compared to other types, leaving part of the face exposed.

Function of the Helm in Battle

The helm not only serves to protect; it was also designed to terrify the enemy. Many helms featured ornaments resembling animal heads or had threatening styles, increasing intimidation on the battlefield.

The Helm in Culture and Fiction

Beyond its role in war, the helm has found its way into mythology and literature. In Greek mythology, the helm of invisibility is mentioned, while in "Don Quixote," there is a reference to the famous helm of Mambrino, which turns out to be a simple basin.