What is a Chainmail?

A chainmail is a type of flexible armor made up of thousands of small interlinked metal rings, forming a kind of metal fabric. This type of armor has been used throughout history due to its unique features, ensuring a balance between protection and mobility.

Structure and Composition

The chainmail is characterized by:

• It is made of metal rings, usually iron, linked together in a pattern known as "4 in 1". This pattern means that each ring connects with four others, providing a solid and durable structure.
• It mainly covers the torso, although it can extend to the arms and thighs depending on the specific design of the armor.
• Its average weight is around 10 kg, although it can vary according to the dimensions and specific design of the chainmail.

Functionality and Protection

Chainmails offer notable effectiveness in protecting their wearers:

• They provide excellent defense against cuts and thrusting weapon attacks, although their effectiveness decreases against blunt impacts, such as blows from a mace or a bludgeoning sword.
• They are flexible, allowing for good mobility for the user, being light enough to facilitate use in prolonged combat.
• They were commonly used in combination with a gambeson, a padded garment worn under the chainmail to increase comfort and effectiveness in protection.

Historical Use

This type of armor has had a notable historical presence:

• The chainmail was widely used from antiquity to the Middle Ages, being especially popular between the 12th and 13th centuries in Europe.
• The Romans adopted and perfected this type of armor, naming it "lorica hamata".
• Its use began to decline in Europe from the 14th century, gradually being replaced by plate armors that offered greater protection in vulnerable areas.

The chainmail stands out for its flexibility, versatility, and ease of repair, making it one of the most durable forms of protection in military history. Its design allowed warriors to move more freely, making it a preferred option both on the battlefield and for ceremonial displays.

Although chainmail is effective against cuts and thrusting weapons, its flexibility offers less protection against blunt force. Therefore, when combined with a padded garment like a gambeson, protection is significantly multiplied, creating comprehensive defense in combat situations.