What are Pedules or Peales?

The pedules or peales were a type of footwear commonly used during the Middle Ages. This footwear had the particularity of completely covering the foot and being secured with strings and ribbons, providing robust protection against inclement weather. The materials used in their making, such as coarse wool fabric or sheep leather, reflected the resources and technology available during the period from the 6th century to the 9th century.

Characteristics and Use of the Pedules

• Materials: The pedules were primarily made from coarse wool fabric, a very rough woolen cloth, or sheep leather. This choice of materials not only reflected what was available but also the need to protect the feet from cold and other adverse elements.
• Fastening: Using strings and ribbons, the pedules were firmly secured around the foot, adapting to its shape and providing a snug fit.
• Evolution: With the progress of the Middle Ages, the pedules underwent certain modifications. During the 10th and 11th centuries, they began to be made from finer fabrics such as silk and were adorned with straps, strips of fabric or leather, which added strength and style.

Influence and Variations

• Muslim Influence: During the 10th century, some footwear models showed Muslim influences. They started to be made with cordovan leather and, at times, were painted, indicating notable cultural exchange between the civilizations of the time.
• The Word "Shoe": Although "shoe" did not become popular until the 12th century, the pedules still maintained their relevance. During this time, the "French shoe" was also documented, a variant that opened at the instep and was secured with a strap around the ankle.

Comparison with Other Types of Footwear

• Alpeduques: Similar in names and functions, alpeduques were also used to protect the feet, although they were generally made of wool.
• Relation to Underwear: In medieval clothing, the pedules were on par with underwear such as shirts and breeches, which were essential for hygiene and protection against the weather.

The pedules or peales represent a crucial element in medieval attire, reflecting not only climatic needs but also cultural influences over the centuries. Their evolution highlights the richness of cultural exchange and the ability to adapt to new technologies and materials.