What are Greaves?

Greaves are a key piece of medieval armor, playing a fundamental role in protecting the warrior's legs during combat. They provide security in one of the body's most vulnerable areas. Below are their characteristics, functions, materials, and historical evolution.

Characteristics of Greaves

• Coverage: They are designed to protect the front and sides of the legs, covering from the knee to the ankle.
• Material: Commonly made of metal, especially steel or iron, although other materials were also used.
• Design: They can be made in one piece or articulated, allowing greater mobility for the warrior.

Types of Greaves

• Half Greaves: Some versions feature articulated half greaves that protect the lower part of the knees.
• Grebettes: These were specific pieces designed to protect the calves.

Functions of Greaves

• They protect against cuts and blows aimed at the legs.
• They defend against attacks from short weapons in close combat.
• They provide additional stability to the warrior during combat.

Historical Evolution

• Origin: Greaves have a long history, dating back to ancient Rome.
• Greaves in Rome: Hastati, heavy infantry soldiers, typically wore greaves on their right leg, which was advanced in combat.
• Middle Ages: Their design was refined, becoming an essential part of full plate armor.

Materials Used in Greaves

• Metal:
  • Iron: The most common material for making greaves during the late Middle Ages.
  • Steel: Used for more resistant and durable productions.
  • Bronze: Employed in ancient times, modeled after Etruscan greaves.
• Leather:
  • Hardened leather: Frequently used as a lighter alternative to metal.
  • Boiled leather: This treatment increased the hardness of the leather, making it more resistant to impacts.

In summary, greaves offer a combination of protection and functionality that has endured throughout history, adapting to the needs of warriors and advances in weaponry and combat techniques. Their importance in medieval armor makes them a key piece for understanding the evolution of protection in warfare.