What are Codales?

Codales are fundamental components of armor used during the medieval period, specifically designed to protect the elbow joint. Below, we will detail their characteristics, evolution, and function within the context of medieval armor.

Definition and Function

Codales are pieces of armor that cover and protect the elbow, one of the most vulnerable joints during combat. Their main function is to provide defense in this area, minimizing the risk of injury from weapons such as spears or arrows.

Historical Evolution

• Origin: Codales began to be used in the 13th century, marking their presence as key elements of armor.
• Early designs: The first codales were small and conical, attached to the arm by a strap.
• Improvements and adaptations: Over time, codales were refined through the addition of a washer known as a "guarda-codal," which offered greater protection.

Characteristics and Design

• Composition: Codales were made of metal and could consist of one or more plates that provided flexibility.
• Shape: Their design evolved from conical structures to more enveloping shapes that ensured better coverage. This included adapting their size, sometimes making the right codal larger, as this arm was more exposed in combat.

Integration with Other Armor Pieces

Codales were part of a broader protection system that included:

• Arm guards: Provided protection to the upper arm.
• Bracers: Covered the forearm, complementing the defense.
• Crabs: Located opposite the elbow, ensuring comprehensive protection for the warrior's arm.

Together, these pieces of armor formed a set that offered not only protection but also the mobility necessary for effective combat.

Decorative and Aesthetic Aspects

Starting from the second half of the 15th century, many codales began to be decorated with engravings and artistic shapes. This not only served as a means of protection but also reflected the social status of the warrior wearing them, transforming armor into a symbol of distinction and power.

Codales are, without a doubt, a vital piece of medieval armor, intended to protect one of the most critical areas of the body during combat. Their evolution reflects not only advances in armory techniques but also a development in how warriors understood and valued personal protection.