What is a Rodela?

The rodela is an emblematic shield that has played a crucial role in military history, especially during the Middle Ages. This small, circular shield, designed to be used by infantry, is notable for its lenticular shape and functionality in battles. Below, we will explore its origin, design, usage, and evolution over the centuries.

Origin and Design

The term "rodela" comes from the old Provençal "rodella," which describes a round shield with a single handle, primarily used by infantry soldiers rather than riders or knights. Some key aspects of its design are:

• Circular and flat shape, with a central hole sometimes used as a grip point.
• Diameter between 50 and 60 centimeters, making it compact and easy to handle.
• Approximate weight of one kilogram, making it a lightweight option for combatants.

Historical Use

From antiquity to modernity, the rodela has demonstrated its functionality. During the Roman army, variants of the rodela were used to protect soldiers. In the 15th century, its use became widespread among infantry in northern Italy, where it was used in battles with light swords, particularly the thrusting and cutting sword known as the Sidesword.

Use in Warfare

This shield was established as an essential defensive tool in assaults and reconnaissance during sieges. Despite its limited use in battle, its importance grew in close combat. Many military treaties of the time highlighted the role of the rodela as a defense in duels and close encounters.

Production and Construction

Rodelas were usually made from various materials:

• Wood approximately 0.5 cm or 1 mm steel with additional reinforcements.
• In the 17th century, innovation led to the creation of bulletproof rodelas weighing up to 5 kg.
• Some versions of rodelas included embedded pistols, showing their technical evolution.

Historical Examples

The use of the rodela was notable in Spain, especially in the armories of Vizcaya, where armorers produced rodelas around 1512. Hernán Cortés and his men also used these weapons in their campaign in Mexico, and efforts were made to standardize their use among armed infantry in various communities.

Throughout history, the rodela has been more than just a shield; it has been a symbol of adaptability and innovation in warfare, representing the evolution of technology and tactics used by soldiers in combat.