What is the Curtana Sword?

The Curtana Sword, also known as the Sword of Mercy, is one of the most emblematic pieces within the regalia used in the coronations of British monarchs. Its symbolism and rich history have accompanied the kings and queens of England throughout the centuries, standing out as a reminder of power and mercy in the exercise of monarchy.

Description of the Curtana Sword

With a length of 96.5 cm and a handle width of 19 cm, the Curtana Sword is striking both for its size and its design.
Originally, its blade had a sharp point, but it was rounded and squared to symbolize mercy. This distinctive detail is a clear expression of its nickname, "Sword of Mercy." The blade features a decorative engraving known as "running wolf," a traditional design that originated in the city of Passau, located in Lower Bavaria, Germany.

Cyril Davenport (1848–1941), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The handle of the sword is a masterpiece of gilded iron, complemented by a wooden grip elegantly wrapped in wire. The sheath, for its part, is made of leather adorned with red velvet and gold embroidery. It is noteworthy that the sheath we see today was created in 1937 and has been replaced several times since the 17th century.

History of the Curtana Sword

The history of the Curtana Sword is as ancient as it is fascinating. It is believed that its origins date back to the reign of Edward the Confessor, one of the last Saxon kings of England. The first known mention of the sword dates back to 1236, during the coronation of Queen Eleanor of Provence, where it is referred to as "Curtana" in the "Red Book of the Exchequer" and as "Curtein" in Matthew Paris's "Chronicle," which identified it with the "Sword of Edward the Confessor."

Reproduction in the 17th Century

The current version of the Curtana Sword was created between 1610 and 1620, probably by Robert South, a member of the Worshipful Company of Cutlers. This version was first used in the coronation of Charles I in 1626 and has since remained in the collection of coronation regalia located in Westminster Abbey.

Meaning and Use

The Curtana Sword is much more than just a ceremonial piece. Its rounded and squared tip is a powerful symbol of mercy and clemency, values that every monarch must embody. Over the years, it has served as a tangible reminder of the compassion that should accompany any act of authority.

Finally, although today the sword is not used in combat, its role in royal ceremonies continues to be a living testament to the tradition and history of the British monarchy, making the Curtana Sword an object of incalculable cultural and symbolic value.