When the figure of the Vikings is evoked, the mind is immediately populated by the iconic image of intrepid warriors, enveloped in an aura of fierce bravery, with imposing helmets adorned with horns that stand as symbols of their brutality on the battlefield. . However, it is crucial to recognize that this distinctive characteristic of the Vikings, which has endured throughout the centuries, is more a myth rooted in the collective imagination than a true representation of their clothing.
Over the course of this article, we will delve into the intricate history behind the misconception of Viking helmets, unraveling the underlying truth and challenging the enduring popular narrative, thereby revealing the true essence of Viking clothing in the context of its history. epoch.
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The myth of horned Viking helmets has its roots in the 19th century, when two influential figures, Swedish artist Gustav Malmström and German illustrator Carl Emil Doepler, played crucial roles in spreading this misrepresentation.
This distorted view quickly gained popularity, influencing the general public perception of the Vikings and generating an image that endured in popular culture to the present day.
Although historical reality reveals that Viking helmets were largely functional and devoid of horns , the mythification perpetuated by Malmström and Doepler has left a lasting imprint on the collective imagery associated with this enigmatic civilization.
Elizabeth Nix, renowned American historian, suggests the possibility that Gustav Malmström and Carl Emil Doepler, influential figures in history, may have been inspired by ancient horned helmets discovered during their time . However, these artefacts, used ceremonially by tribal priests, date from a period before the Vikings and should not be interpreted as part of Viking combat equipment.
The connection between these ancient helmets and the misrepresentation of Viking helmets highlights the complexity in the formation of historical myths and the importance of accurate interpretation of archaeological evidence to avoid incorrect ideas about past cultures.
This phenomenon underlines the need for a critical approach in historical reconstruction.
So far, archaeologists have managed to identify only one complete Viking helmet. This unique discovery took place in 1943, on the Gjermundbu farm in Norway, and is an iron helmet dating back to the 10th century. The notable thing about this discovery is that, unlike popular belief rooted in culture, this helmet completely lacked horns.
The Helm of Gjermundbu has played a crucial role in reinterpreting stereotypical images of the Vikings, challenging the commonly held idea that their helmets were adorned with horns. This tangible find has forcefully refuted the long-held misperception in popular culture, showing that Viking helmets were more functional and less ornate than previously imagined.
The fact that this particular Viking helmet lacked horns has led to a reconsideration of artistic representations and misconceptions that have persisted over time. The importance of this discovery lies not only in its rarity, but also in its ability to challenge and rectify preconceived ideas about the clothing and appearance of the Vikings, providing a more accurate and authentic insight into their culture and lifestyle in the X century.
A recent study led by archaeologist Helle Vandkilde further challenges the myth of Viking helmets. The famous helmets discovered in Viksø, Denmark, date back to 900 aC , long before the existence of the Vikings. Radiocarbon dating of birch tar found on one of the horns confirms their age, completely disassociating them from the Viking era.
Viksø's helmets, adorned with symbols representing the eyes and beak of a bird, suggest a ritual rather than a warrior purpose. Vandkilde notes that the horns could have been decorated with plumage and birch tar , with each helmet possibly bearing a horsehair. The connection with solar symbols, shared with other European cultures, adds layers of meaning to these artifacts.
Research suggests that wearing a horned helmet not only implied bravery in war, but also endorsement from the gods, legitimizing Viking leadership. These helmets were considered hats of power , an essential item for those who sought to rule.
The decoration of the Viksø helmets shares similarities with the helmets of the Urnfield Culture in Central Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. The possibility is raised that the influence for these designs came through Phoenician travelers in the eastern Mediterranean.
The deep-rooted representation of Vikings with antler helmets is revealed to be a myth perpetuated mainly by artists of the 19th century , and is significantly distanced from historical reality. However, the latest research focusing on the Viksø helmets dismantles this belief, tracing their origin back to the Nordic Bronze Age, several centuries before the Viking Age proper. This discovery directly challenges the notion popularized by modern culture and demonstrates that horned helmets were not a distinctive feature of Viking warriors.
Challenging stereotypes plays an essential role in accurately understanding the authentic history of the Vikings. Detailed research into the Viksø helmets not only sheds light on the true nature of these artifacts, but also contributes to demystifying the stereotypical image of the Vikings , allowing for a more accurate perception of their culture and way of life.
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