Alexander III of Macedonia, better known as Alexander (the Great) was king of Macedonia from 336 a. C. until his death and is considered one of the most important military leaders of history by its conquest of the Achaemenid Empire.
After consolidating the unification of several city-states of ancient Greece who were under the rule of his father, Philip II of Macedonia, quelling the rebellion of the Greeks of the south after his death, Alexander conquered the Persian Empire, including Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Egypt, Bactria and Mesopotamia, expanding the borders of Macedonia to the region of Punjab.
Before his death, Alexander had planned to return to the west and conquer Europe besides wanting to continue the expansion to the East and find the end of the world, an idea that his childhood tutor, Aristotle, had instilled in him telling stories about a place Earth finished and began the Great Outer Sea.
Alejandro promoted the incorporation of foreign [5] in the army and administration through what has been defined by some academics as a "policy of fusion" and favored the marriage of members of the foreign army, which he practiced same.
After twelve years of constant military campaigning, Alexander died, possibly of malaria, typhoid fever or viral encephalitis. His only child, a newborn that survive a few months, left the empire at the mercy of his generals, known as the Diadochi (successors), who fractionated and divided. More than three centuries later domain and Greek colonization in areas as far died last descendant of the men thus ending the so-called Hellenistic period or Alexandria, who combined the Greek and Middle Eastern cultures.